With COVID-19 immigration restrictions expiring, the Biden administration on Thursday announced measures to stop migrants from crossing the U.S.-Mexico border illegally, both by cracking down on many of those who do arrive and by creating new pathways designed to offer an alternative to the perilous journey.
Efforts include opening processing centers outside the United States for people fleeing violence and poverty to apply for legal arrivals and settle in the US, Spain or Canada. The first processing centers will open in Guatemala and Colombia, with others to follow.
The administration also plans to quickly screen migrant asylum seekers at the border itself, quickly deport those deemed unqualified, and punish people who illegally cross the US border or illegally cross another country on their way to the US border.
But it is unclear whether these measures will help slow the flow of migrants fleeing countries torn apart by political and economic conflicts. Further mounting pressure comes as the end of pandemic-imposed public health rules that allowed for the rapid expulsion of many migrants and expire on May 11 is approaching.
“This is a hemispheric issue that requires hemispheric decisions,” Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Majorcas said during a press conference, speaking about how the US is working with other countries in the region.
Mr Majorcas also warned that migrants and human smugglers should not interpret the approaching deadline as meaning that everyone must come: “Let me be clear, our border is not open and will not be open after May 11th.”
Immigration has irritated Mr. Biden throughout his presidency, and has been criticized by top GOP leaders for being soft on border security. Immigrant advocates, meanwhile, argue that the president is backing away from humanitarian efforts, enacting stricter measures aimed at preventing illegal entry of migrants.
The topic doesn’t go away. By announcing his bid for re-election in 2024, Mr Biden is trying to find a balance that could be difficult to achieve, especially if swarms of migrants wind up at border facilities after May 11.
The administration has also repeatedly pointed to Congress, saying it has been unable to reach an agreement on comprehensive immigration reform.
The effort, announced Thursday, builds on a carrot-and-stick approach to immigration that the administration is increasingly using, offering incentives such as humanitarian parole for hundreds of thousands of people and dire consequences for many who arrive at the border. So far they have included:
Processing centers: The administration will open migration centers in many countries, starting with Guatemala and Colombia, which will be run by the International Organization for Migration and the UN agency tasked with helping refugees. There, potential migrants can obtain information in a variety of ways that they can migrate to the US, such as by applying for refugee status or a worker program. The administration said both Canada and Spain said they would accept migrants sent from those centers, though specific numbers were not provided. The US has also said it will double the number of refugees it takes in from Central and South America. It also didn’t give a specific number, but during fiscal year 2023, the US has committed to accepting 15,000 refugees from Latin America and the Caribbean.
Harder and faster punishments: The administration says it will process asylum seekers who arrive at the southern border faster – in days rather than weeks – with the goal of quickly sending back people who fail initial screening. Those expelled from the country will be banned from entering the United States for five years. The administration says it is looking to dramatically increase the number of flights that take migrants home from the US. Officials also said the previously announced rule would restrict asylum to those who pass through another country without seeking protection there, or who enter the US illegally. should come into force before the May 11 deadline.
Without family detention: The administration did not announce that it would detain families illegally crossing the border. The move would draw widespread condemnation from immigration advocates and Biden allies. But they said they would monitor families with things like curfews and GPS monitoring, and stressed that families would be removed if they were found to be ineligible to stay in the US.
Family reunification: The Department of Homeland Security is developing a new parole process for family reunification for people from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Colombia. And the agency is “modernizing” the existing family reunification process for immigrants from Cuba and Haiti.
Pursuit of smugglers: Mallorca underlined efforts to rigorously crack down on smuggling networks that facilitate travel from the region to the US border.
Andrew Sely, who heads the Migration Policy Institute, said the announced plans are “the clearest strategy” we’ve seen from the administration on how to deal with immigration. But he warned that it would still take a lot of time and effort for the plan to succeed.
“I think this is the closest we’ve ever seen to a comprehensive plan,” Mr. Seli said. He said the administration is betting big on processing centers and said they could potentially serve to provide people with information about migration options in a way that the US embassy does.
But Mr Seli said they need to be closely linked to local networks in different countries so that potential migrants know about them and so that local organizations that know the people who most want to flee can refer them to the centres.
Thursday’s announcement was met with criticism from many immigration advocates, including members of the president’s own party, who were concerned about Mr. Biden’s growing efforts to make it harder to gain access to asylum at the border.
Senator Bob Menendez, Democrat of New Jersey, said he was “disappointed” with the plan, especially after urging the White House in recent weeks to adopt a different immigration strategy, including extending temporary protected status to people from several Central American countries. He also questioned how parts of the plan would be implemented.
“The question is, how are we going to build these processing centers? What organizations will ensure that the person is treated properly? What are we doing with third countries to be able to receive people and ensure their safety?” Mr Menendez said.
Many organizations working to help refugees and other migrants said they welcome some aspects of the president’s plan, such as admitting more refugees from South and Central America and accelerating family reunification efforts. But they said it shouldn’t come at the expense of people applying for asylum at the border.
The International Refugee Program said in a statement that it was concerned about the lack of detail in the plan, how it would be implemented and where the money would come from. The group also said the U.S. refugee resettlement program is still trying to recover from cutbacks under the Trump administration.
“We have more questions than answers,” said Lacey Bromel, a program analyst.
Others, including right-wing groups already harshly critical of Mr. Biden, have criticized the plan, saying faster processing of migrants simply means they enter the country faster. The American Immigration Reform Federation said the initiatives were “a massive and illegal scheme designed to accommodate an unlimited number of migrants.”
The story was reported by the Associated Press. AP writer Elliot Spagat reported from San Diego. Stephen Groves of Washington DC and Valeria Gonzalez of McAllen, Texas contributed to this report.